掘削土壌・岩石に含まれる自然由来重金属等の溶出挙動に及ぼす曝露条件の影響

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(地球環境学)甲第24955号地環博第246号京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻(主査)教授 勝見 武, 准教授 高井 敦史, 教授 越後 信哉学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Global Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityDFA

Case Report: Early diagnosis of lethal multiple pterygium syndrome with micrognathia: Two novel mutations in the CHRND gene

Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome (LMPS) is a rare disease with genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity and is inherited in an autosomal recessive (AR) pattern. Here, we have presented clinically significant results describing two novel mutations of CHRND gene: NM_000751.2: c.1006C>T p.(Arg336Ter) and NM_000751.2:c.973_975delGTG p.(Val325del), and measurement of the facial angle for determining micrognathia by prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy for a Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome case. In conclusion, this report complements the spectrum of genetic variants and phenotype of Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome and provides reliable recommendation for the counseling of future pregnancies in families with the disease

Motherwort Injection for Preventing Uterine Hemorrhage in Women With Induced Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Evidence

Objective: Motherwort injection (MI) is a modern patented injection extracted from motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Hoult). Empirical studies and systematic reviews have shown the benefits of motherwort injection for preventing postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery and cesarean section. This study was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of motherwort injection for women with the prevention of post-abortion uterine hemorrhage.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify RCTs regarding the effect of the use of motherwort injection in women after abortion. Data from trials were pooled by meta-analysis and a random-effects model was used to calculate the summarized relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to access the quality of the evidence.Results: Nine trials with a total of 1,675 participants were identified. Overall, motherwort injection combined with oxytocin compared to oxytocin had a significantly lower blood loss within 2 hours (MD = −50.00, 95% CI −62.92 to −37.08, very low quality); lower blood loss within 24 h (MD = −50.00, 95% CI −62.92 to −37.08, very low quality); however, there was no significant difference between motherwort injection and oxytocin (24 h: MD: 0.72, 95% CI −7.76 to 9.20; 48 h: MD: −0.01, 95% CI −11.35 to 11.33; 72 h: MD: −1.12, 95% CI −14.39 to 12.15, very low quality). Compared with oxytocin or no intervention, both motherwort injection and motherwort injection combined with oxytocin had a significantly decreased duration of blood loss (MI vs. O: MD −2.59, 95% CI −4.59 to −0.60, very low quality; MI + O vs. O: MD −2.62, 95% CI -3.02 to −2.22, very low quality; MI + O vs. No intervention: MD: −1.80, 95% CI −2.28 to −1.33, low quality). Seven of nine included trials reported adverse event outcomes. Three cases were found in the motherwort injection group, and five induced abortion syndromes were found in the motherwort injection plus oxytocin group. 29 adverse events were reported in the oxytocin group instead. The recovery time of normal menstruation after abortion was significantly earlier in the group using motherwort injection compared with oxytocin (MDs −3.77, 95% CI −6.29 to −1.25, very low quality), and the endometrial thickness in the motherwort injection group was significantly different from that in the oxytocin group (MD: 2.24, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.90, very low quality).Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis indicate prophylactic use of motherwort injection may reduce the risk of uterine hemorrhage in women after abortion, and more high-quality research is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of motherwort injection in preventing uterine hemorrhage after abortion.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=274153, identifier CRD4202127415

Single-Trace Side-Channel Attacks on the Toom-Cook: The Case Study of Saber

The Toom-Cook method is a well-known strategy for building algorithms to multiply polynomials efficiently. Along with NTT-based polynomial multiplication, Toom-Cook-based or Karatsuba-based polynomial multiplication algorithms still have regained attention since the start of the NIST’s post-quantum standardization procedure. Compared to the comprehensive analysis done for NTT, the leakage characteristics of Toom-Cook have not been discussed. We analyze the vulnerabilities of Toom-Cook in the reference implementation of Saber, a third round finalist of NIST’s post-quantum standardization process. In this work, we present the first single-trace attack based on the soft-analytical side-channel attack (SASCA) targeting the Toom-Cook. The deep learning-based power analysis is combined with SASCA to decrease the number of templates since there are a large number of similar operations in the Toom-Cook. Moreover, we describe the optimized factor graph and improved belief propagation to make the attack more practical. The feasibility of the attack is verified by evaluation experiments. We also discuss the possible countermeasures to prevent the attack

LLM-Rec: Personalized Recommendation via Prompting Large Language Models

We investigate various prompting strategies for enhancing personalized recommendation performance with large language models (LLMs) through input augmentation. Our proposed approach, termed LLM-Rec, encompasses four distinct prompting strategies: (1) basic prompting, (2) recommendation-driven prompting, (3) engagement-guided prompting, and (4) recommendation-driven + engagement-guided prompting. Our empirical experiments show that incorporating the augmented input text generated by LLM leads to improved recommendation performance. Recommendation-driven and engagement-guided prompting strategies are found to elicit LLM's understanding of global and local item characteristics. This finding highlights the importance of leveraging diverse prompts and input augmentation techniques to enhance the recommendation capabilities with LLMs

New Aggregation-Induced Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens With Through-Space Charge Transfer for Efficient Non-doped OLEDs

In this work, two tailor-made luminogens comprising of electron donors (acridine and phenoxazine) and acceptor (triazine) bridged by the through-space conjugated hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) are synthesized and characterized. Their thermal stability, electrochemical behaviors, crystal, and electronic structures, and photophysical properties are systematically investigated. The crystal and electronic structures reveal that the peripheral phenyls in HPB are closely aligned in a propeller-like fashion, rendering efficient through-space charge transfer between donor and electron moieties. These molecules display weak fluorescence with negligible delayed component in solutions but strong fluorescence with greatly increased delayed component upon aggregate formation, namely aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF). Their neat films exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY), and prominent delayed fluorescence. The non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on these new luminogens exhibit excellent performance with maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.7% and very small efficiency roll-off of 2.7% at 1,000 cd m−2. Designing AIDF molecules with through-space charge transfer could be a promising strategy to explore robust luminescent materials for efficient non-doped OLEDs

Role of intestinal flora and 5-HT in depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to PM2.5

BackgroundSome studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure is closely related to central nervous system diseases that lead to cognitive dysfunction and change the composition of intestinal flora. However, there are few studies on the role of intestinal flora in PM2.5-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. ObjectiveTo observe the effects of PM2.5 exposure on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and the composition of intestinal flora in mice, and to explore the role of intestinal flora in regulating 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to PM2.5. MethodsEight-week-old male SPF C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group (NS group), probiotic group (LGG group), PM2.5 group (PM group), and combined exposure group (PML group), 6 mice in each group. Mice in the PM group and the PML group were exposed to PM2.5 in a dynamic exposure cabinet for 6 h per day, 6 d a week for 7 consecutive weeks, and the PM2.5 concentrations were approximately 8 times higher than the outdoor concentration. The LGG group and the PML group were orally administered with Lactobacillus rhamnosus while the NS group and the PM group were orally administered with the same amount of saline. Elevated plus maze test and open field test were used to detect depression and anxiety in mice. Fecal samples of mice were collected to evaluate intestinal flora abundance, diversity, and structure between groups using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. ELISA was employed to detect the levels of 5-HT in serum and hippocampus. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlations of differential intestinal flora with 5-HT level in hippocampus and depression- and anxiety-like behavior indicators in mice. ResultsThe percentage of open-arm entry [M(P25, P75)] in the PM group was 0.0% (0.0%, 33.3%), lower than those in the NS group [47.7% (25.0%, 50.8%) ] and the PML group [46.9% (40.0%, 50.0%)], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The total travelled distance and the time spent in central area (\begin{document}$\bar x \pm s$\end{document}) in the PM group were (2.01±0.90) m and (10.31±1.99) s respectively, shorter than those of the NS group [(3.80±0.89) m, (14.47±3.07) s], the total travelled distance in the PML group [(2.73±1.12) m] was shorter than those of the NS group and the LGG group [(4.21±1.08) m], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared to the NS group, the Simpson index of the PM group significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared to the LGG group, the Simpson index of the PML group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The results of Beta diversity analysis showed that there were differences in the composition of intestinal flora among the four groups of mice. Compared with the NS group and the LGG group, the abundances of Erysipelotrichaceae and Dubosiella in the PM group and the PML group increased, while the abundances of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In hippocampus, the level of 5-HT in the PM group [(135.02±10.31) μg·g−1] was lower than those in the NS group [(178.77±43.15) μg·g−1] and the LGG group [(224.85±22.98) μg·g−1], and the level of 5-HT in the PML group [(161.27±15.81) μg·g−1] was lower than that in the LGG group (P<0.05). 5-HT level in hippocampus was significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 (r=0.6090, P=0.012). The percentage of open-arm entry was significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Dubosiella (r=−0.4630, P=0.023). ConclusionAtmospheric PM2.5 exposure may cause depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. The observed behavior dysfunction may be associated with the changes in diversity and relative abundance of intestinal flora as well as the decrease of 5-HT level. Such depression- and anxiety-like behaviors are alleviated after adding probiotics

TLR7 modulates extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in P. yoelii NSM-infected mice through the regulation of iron metabolism of macrophages with IFN-γ

Splenomegaly is a prominent clinical manifestation of malaria and the causes remain incompletely clear. Anemia is induced in malaria and extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis is compensation for the loss of erythrocytes. However, the regulation of extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in malaria is unknown. An inflammatory response could facilitate extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in the settings of infection and inflammation. Here, when mice were infected with rodent parasites, Plasmodium yoelii NSM, TLR7 expression in splenocytes was increased. To explore the roles of TLR7 in splenic erythropoiesis, we infected wild-type and TLR7-/- C57BL/6 mice with P. yoelii NSM and found that the development of splenic erythroid progenitor cells was impeded in TLR7-/- mice. Contrarily, the treatment of the TLR7 agonist, R848, promoted extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in wild-type infected mice, which highlights the implication of TLR7 on splenic erythropoiesis. Then, we found that TLR7 promoted the production of IFN-γ that could enhance phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes by RAW264.7. After phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes, the iron metabolism of RAW264.7 was upregulated, evidenced by higher iron content and expression of Hmox1 and Slc40a1. Additionally, the neutralization of IFN-γ impeded the extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis modestly and reduced the iron accumulation in the spleen of infected mice. In conclusion, TLR7 promoted extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis in P. yoelii NSM-infected mice. TLR7 enhanced the production of IFN-γ, and IFN-γ promoted phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes and the iron metabolism of macrophages in vitro, which may be related to the regulation of extramedullary splenic erythropoiesis by TLR7